SOURCE: PYOMETRA
by Claire Duder, D.V.M.
Pyometra literally means "pus in the uterus". Pyometra is a serious, potentially life-threatening disorder, most commonly seen in the middle-aged diestrual (post-heat) bitch. Changes in the uterine lining, called cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH), due to the effects of the hormone progesterone, are thought to be the first stage in the development of pyometra. Bacteria (usually E. coli) entering through the cervix or the bloodstream multiply rapidly in the abnormal uterine lining, and the uterus quickly fills with pus. Clinical signs of pyometra may include depression, anorexia, abdominal distension, vomiting and diarrhea, and increased thirst and urination. A putrid vaginal discharge may or may not be present, depending on whether the cervix is open or closed. Diagnosis of pyometra is usually straightforward; any post-estral bitch (whether or not they were bred) who is not well should have a white blood cell count done, and an abdominal xray or ultrasound to visualize the uterus, even if there is no obvious discharge. Treatment of pyometra will involve either an emergency ovariohysterectomy (best for clode-cervix pyometras and older bitches no longer intended for breeding), or treatment with prostaglandins to stimulate emptying of the uterus (best for open-cervix pyometras in valuable breeding bitches). Fluid therapy and antibiotics will also be required. The only sure prevention of pyometra is spaying; obviously not an option in the brood bitch!
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